How Star is Formed

(The Brief Explanation)


           



In this article we will try to understand that How Star is Formed ,

The process of formation of stars is not a matter of a few days, months or a few years, but their formation covers millions of years and after millions of years , they come into existence with their billions of year life.
The age of a star depends on its mass. Low-mass stars, like our Sun, have longer lifespans of billions of years. Intermediate-mass stars age in the range of tens of millions to a few billion years, while high-mass stars have shorter lifespans of millions of years. Stellar age is estimated based on factors like luminosity, temperature, and observations of star clusters.


Have you ever think How do astronomers know the age of the planets and stars?
If not,think now
Because we are going to discuss this topic soon.
 

Befor coming to our main first we should understand that what is star and what is the astronomical definition of star.
"A star is a bright ball of matter in space that produces light and heat through its special process of nuclear fusion."

So let's go now.
On to our main topic.

The stars, planets and asteroids in any galaxy contain some elements, including gases and particles.
(Ninety-nine percent of the elements in space are hydrogen and helium each.)



These are the basic things from which stars and planets come into existence and we call this space the interstellar medium, while the region or region where the abundance of gas and particles gather to form a cloud is called the molecular cloud or Nebula.
Which is thousands of times heavier than our sun and equal to or more than our solar system in volume.


The movement of these molecular clouds is random, which means that the movement of gases and particles inside them will also be random.
And this movement leads to an uneven distribution of atoms and molecules in the cloud, and as a result, more matter accumulates in one part or region of the cloud than in another part or region. As the pile accumulates, it begins to shrink due to its own gravity, and remember that this region is a few hundred astronomical units, so big that you would have to orbit the sun a few hundred times from Earth. It also has a very high density.

 

When that region becomes equal to ten thousand astronomical units (10,000 AU), we call it the pre-stellar core. Here, the word core refers to the gas and particles that have become so dirty that their regions Or the word cloud seems somewhat meaningless, hence the name given to this is Core.
And remember, this core later becomes the cover of the sun.


As we know that every body that has mass pull other bodies that have mass with a force called Gravitational Force and if the mass of one body is greater than other bodies, then it It will pull a light mass body towards itself.
Due to this law, the pre-stellar core will further shrink to one thousand astronomical units (1000AU).




Now, as we have read above, more matter accumulates in one region of the nebula than the other, and where the mass is greater, the gravity will be greater.
The gases present in the nebula slowly begin to pull towards the center, then that region (pre-stellar core) shrinks further and their rotation speed also increases.


The reason for the increase in rotational speed is the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum
(Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum)
According to which
"If a body is moving around its axis, as its mass increases around its axis, its velocity will also increase.

Let's understand this with this example:
When a girl ice skates with her arms out, her speed slows down, and as she brings her hands closer to her body, her speed increases.

The same process also happens during the formation of stars, as the core shrinks and the speed increases.


After that, the Pre-Stellar Core turns into a Proto Star.
After the formation of the proto star, the surrounding material continues to fall towards the center due to gravity and due to the contraction of the material along with the mass, the temperature of the proto star also increases, which we call the process of accretion. .
When the temperature rises to the point where nuclear fusion of hydrogen begins, the protostar becomes a "star".


 

Because all the matter of the nebula is not transformed into a star, so the remaining matter forms the planets, the moons of the planets, i.e. the entire solar system.

In nuclear fusion, two light nuclei collide with each other to form a heavy nucleus.
To make this process possible, extreme pressure is required, which is only possible in the center of a star.
We get light and heat only because of nuclear fusion.

This is the simplified process of the birth of stars!



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